Burns are wounds caused by excessive exposure of the body to heat, such as a flame, hot liquids, chemicals, electricity or radiation.

Causes of Burns

1. Dry Heat: Direct contact with a flame or hot object.
2. Scalds: Moist heat such as boiling water, steam, etc.
3. Friction: Contact with a moving wheel, rope. Wire or asphalt.
4. Chemical: Acids and alkalies.
5. Electrical: Direct passage of current through the body and lightning injuries.
6. Radiation: Over exposure to the sun and radiant heat sources.

Management of the burns

1. Stop the burning process.
2. Immediately cool the burn wound.
3. Burn blisters should be left untouched as they protect the wound from contamination.
4. All articles like rings, bangles, belt and boots which may become constricting agents after edema develops, should be removed.
5. Following cooling procedures, the burns should be covered with a clean sheet over which a blanket can be placed to maintain body heat to avoid hypothermia.
6. Oils, ointments, lotions and other preparations should not be applied and adherent clothing not removed.
7. The burn area must be covered with a moist, sterile or clean material to exclude air. Cling film is an excellent first-aid dressing. Face burns may be covered with a clean handkerchief.
8. Non-burn areas are covered with warm dry covers.
9. While awaiting transportation, the patient should be rested.
10. Give warm fluids to drink if the casualty can take it, and restrict the movement and handling.