Reasons Behind Rise of Male Breast Cancer In The Past 10 Years
Genetics and family history
Family history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in men. Approximately 15 to 20 percent of men with breast cancer have a family history of the disease. Two breast/ovarian cancer genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, give rise to the majority of known cases of hereditary breast cancer.
Alterations of the estrogen to androgen ratio
Excessive estrogen stimulation due by hormonal therapies like estrogen-containing compounds or testosterone, hepatic dysfunction, obesity, marijuana use, thyroid disease, or Klinefelter syndrome. Klinefelter syndrome consists of atrophic testes, gynecomastia, high serum concentrations of gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone), and low serum testosterone levels leading to high ratio of estrogen to testosterone, Routine mammography is not advocated for all affected men with Klinefelter syndrome , but patient education, self-examination, and regular clinician examinations are important.
Primary testicular conditions
Testicular conditions associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in men include orchitis, undescended testes (cryptorchidism), and testicular injury. While speculative, it may be that these conditions may be associated with lower androgen production, resulting in a higher than normal estrogen to androgen ratio.
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