Head and neck cancers are a group of malignant tumors that develop in the tissues and organs located in the head and neck region. These cancers can affect crucial areas such as the mouth, throat, larynx, nasal cavity, and salivary glands. Despite being relatively uncommon, head and neck cancers can have a profound impact on individuals and their overall well-being.

Common Types of Head and Neck Cancers
Head and neck cancers can manifest in various forms, each having unique characteristics and treatment options. Understanding these different types is essential for early detection and effective management.

Oral cavity cancer refers to tumors that develop in the mouth, including the lips, gums, tongue, and inner lining of the cheeks. This type of cancer can present various challenges due to the complex structures involved in speech and eating.

Oropharyngeal cancer affects the back of the throat, including the base of the tongue and tonsils. It is commonly associated with HPV infection and can often go undetected until later stages.

Laryngeal cancer develops in the larynx, or voice box, which houses the vocal cords. This type of cancer can significantly impact speech and breathing, necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers primarily affect the nasal passages and the hollow spaces surrounding the nose. These tumors often present unique challenges due to their proximity to critical neurological structures and delicate facial features.

Salivary gland cancers, although relatively rare, can occur in the salivary glands, which produce saliva. These tumors can affect the function of salivary glands and cause difficulties in chewing and swallowing.

The following tests and procedures are used to diagnose head and neck cancers:

Physical exam: A doctor will do physical examinations of the head and neck area to check for abnormalities after taking a complete medical history.
Endoscopy: A doctor may use an endoscope (a thin lighted tube with a camera attached) to examine inside the head and neck especially for voice box and throat cancers..
Biopsy: A physician may do a biopsy (removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic examination) if a suspected area is noted.
Imaging tests: A radiologist will take special X-rays such as CT scans, PET scans, MRIs, chest X-rays, dental X-rays, or a Panorex, etc, as part of making a diagnosis. If cancer is detected, these tests can tell how deep the cancer is and whether it has spread.
In addition, we use a variety of testing options such as HPV testing for throat cancer, thyroid nodule assessment for thyroid cancer, genomic testing for advanced head and neck cancer.

At Fortis, our experts use the most advanced diagnostics and imaging technologies to safely detect and monitor cancer.

If the diagnosis is cancer, your doctor will work on the next task - staging, which will help the care team determine how to proceed with the treatment.

Depending on the type and stage of cancer as well as the patient’s preferences and overall health, our head and neck cancer specialists will prescribe the best treatment options, including surgical and reconstructive surgery techniques that include innovative approaches to preserve your appearance and the function of your mouth and throat, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of treatments.