In total knee replacement surgery, the parts of bones the rub together are resurfaced with metal and plastic implants. Using computers and special precision instruments, the damaged surfaces of the bones are removed and replacement surfaces fixed into place. The surface of the femur is replaced with a rounded metal component that comes very close to matching the curve of your natural bone. The surface of the tibia I leg bone is replaced with a smooth plastic component. This flat metal component holds a smooth plastic piece made of ultra high molecular - weight polyethylene plastic that serves as the cartilage. The undersurface of the knee cap may also be replaced with an implant made of the same polyethylene plastic.
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common viral infections in the world. It spreads easily through skin-to-skin contact, most often during intimate contact. While many HPV infections go away on their own, some types can lead to serious health problems — including cervical cancer, anal cancer, throat cancer, penile cancer, and genital warts.
Thankfully, there is a simple and highly effective way to protect yourself and your loved ones — the HPV vaccine.
The HPV vaccine is a preventive vaccine designed to protect against the most dangerous strains of the virus. It helps your body develop immunity before you are exposed to the virus, making it most effective when given at a younger age. The vaccine doesn’t treat existing infections but prevents future infections and HPV-related cancers.
There are multiple types of HPV, but the vaccine primarily targets HPV types 16 and 18, which cause over 70% of cervical cancer cases, along with other high-risk types.
Yes! The HPV vaccine has been given to millions of people worldwide and is considered very safe. Common side effects are mild and temporary — including pain or swelling at the injection site, headache, or slight fever. Serious reactions are extremely rare.
The earlier, the better! Vaccinating children before they become sexually active offers the highest level of protection. But it's never too late to protect yourself — speak to your doctor to see if the vaccine is right for you.
Cancer prevention starts early. By choosing the HPV vaccine, you are investing in a healthy future. Talk to your doctor, schedule your vaccination, and encourage others to do the same.
Your protection is in your hands — start today!
Plastic Surgery is the speciality, which is concerned with healing of wounds, restoration, regeneration and improvement of form and function. The speciality had its origin at around 600BC when Sushruta laid down the foundations of Surgery and described a method to reconstruct the amputated nose, which is still practiced today. Unlike other surgical super specialities
(such as Cardiothoracic Surgery or Neurosurgery), Plastic Surgery is not defined by a body region or organ system. Today, a Plastic Surgeon operates from head to toe and hence, Plastic Surgery is one of the broadest specialities. The word 'Plastic' was derived from Greek word 'Plastikos' which means fit for moulding. The term was coined by Desault, a French surgeon and was likely published in 1798 by his pupil Bichat.
Aristotle, as quoted by Webster, wrote 'Art indeed consists in the conception of the result to be produced before its realization in the material'. This is just one of the teachings that goes into the rigorous training of a Plastic Surgeon. Sir Harold Delf Gillies, considered by many to be the Father of modern Plastic Surgery, often said- 'While Reconstructive Surgery aims to restore an individual to normal, Cosmetic Surgery attempts to surpass the normal'. It is this dictum, which most aptly defines the difference between Cosmetic Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, both being branches of Plastic Surgery.
An individual, who comes for cosmetic surgery is not suffering from any disease as defined conventionally. Rather, he aims to improve upon his appearance, which helps in restoring his self esteem and improves the body image. Similarly, an individual who wishes to reverse the effects of age on body form and appearance also opts for cosmetic surgery.
Hair restoration by means of follicular unit grafting or follicular unit extraction can be done to restore hairline and cover scalp in a case of baldness. Upper eyelid blepharoplasty can improve the appearance of tired looking and hooded eyes, while lower eyelid blepharoplasty can remove eyebags and loose lower eyelid skin leading to rejuvenation, Facelift surgery together with neck lift can restore youthfulness to a sagging face and aging neck with neck bands. Double chin correction can restore an aesthetic mento-cervical angle. There are today literally
hundreds of procedures, which can lead to rejuvenation and improvement in aesthetics of various body regions
Typically, the patient is an individual, who has suffered the loss or mutilation of a body part. This may be due to a birth defect, trauma, agcident, excision for a tunour, burns, infection etc. Reconstructive surgery aims to restore the affected body part to normal. The examples are reconstruction of a breast in a patient, who
has undergone its removal in the treatment of breast cancer. Similarly, reconstruction of lower jaw, following its resection to treat cancer, is reconstructive surgery. In addition to post cancer resection reconstructive surgery, it is also carried out when the body part has been lost due to injury, infection, other diseases and birth defects. Reconstructive surgery may be carried out with the help of local flaps (tissue situated near the site of defect), distant flaps (tissue situated away from the site of defect, but which can be brought near the site ie cross leg flap) or microvascular free tissue transfer (in this case, the block of tissue consisting of various structures is detached from the site of origin and transferred to the site of defect. At the same time, the blood vessels and if required, nerve are joined to the recipient site vessels and nerve with the help of microsurgery).
Besides the above-mentioned broad divisions, procedures in Plastic Surgery are also grouped together to facilitate understanding and transmission of medical knowledge, as well as better understanding by the patient. Many of these groups of procedures overlap with regional specialities and are often carried out in a teamwork with these specialists.
These groups of procedures/ sub-specialities are:
Craniofacial surgery: Correction of
anomalies of skull and face, for example-
craniosynostosis (premature fusion of skull bones resulting in deformed shape of head and many a times increased pressure on brain). Craniofacial clefts (birth defects leading to deformed facial structures as well as extending into cranium.
Maxillofacial and Orthognathic surgery: Repair of trauma, birth defects and growth anomalies of face and jaws, removal of tumours etc. These techniques are also used for improving facial aesthetics as well as facial harmonization (facial feminization and facial masculinization surgeries).
Medical and surgical management of burns: The management of burns involves a multidisciplinary approach, including wound assessment, pain control, fluid resuscitation, infection prevention, and surgical interventions like skin grafting for optimal healing and functional outcomes.
Hand Surgery: Correction of birth defects, trauma, replantation, revascularization and various other conditions of hand and upper limb. Allotransplantation of hands.
Breast Surgery: In females, Breast augmentation with the help of implants or own body fat, breast lift to improve the appearance of sagging breasts, breast reduction surgery to allow better fitting of clothing and relieving neck and shoulder pain in those patients with heavy breasts. In males- Breast reduction surgery to correct gynecomastia (breast enlargement in a male).
Body contouring surgery: This includes procedures such as liposuction, abdominoplasty (tummy tuck), buttock lift by implant or one own body fat (Brazilian butt lift), thigh lift, correction of inner arm folds (Batwing) deformity etc.
Bariplastic surgery: with the advent of Bariatric surgery, there has been an increase in number of patients with massive weight loss. When someone undergoes a weight loss of more than 25-30 Kgs, whether by bariatric surgery or otherwise, the shrinkage capacity of overlying soft tissue and skin is exceeded. As a result, there is hanging of these structures.
The typical areas are breasts, abdomen, buttock, thighs and inner arms. These can be improved with the help of techniques under Bariplastic surgery.
Oncoplastic Surgery: Often the oncosurgery (cancer excision surgery) carried out to remove/ control the spread of cancer leaves huge defects, which precludes normal form and function. For example, removal of lower jaw by cancer surgeon leaves a gaping hole in face, from which there is constant dribbling of saliva as well as visible oral structures such as teeth and tongue. Oncoplastic surgery restores all the layers of jaw (inner lining-the mucosa, bone as well as outer lining- the skin) by borrowing tissue from other body areas, and sometimes the implants as well thus allowing a reasonable form and function.
Generally, these surgeries are carried out at the same sitting, so that when patient wakes up from anesthesia, then in addition to cancer control, he has a semblance of normalcy.
Microsurgery: This refers to all procedures, in which use of magnification with the help of loupes and microscopes to restore blood flow and innervation to the area/ transferred tissue is done. For example- in cases of amputation of fingers, hand/ foot etc, in addition to joining bone, muscles, tendons and skin, microsurgery is required to restore blood flow and prevent the part from dying. This procedure is known as replantation. When transferring tissues (flap) from one area of the body to other area, which is not adjacent, often blood vessels and nerves are required to be connected with the help of microsurgery, to restore viability. This is known as free flap surgery.
Surgery of birth defects: One in 600 children is born with a cleft of lip or palate. In addition birth defects such as craniofacial clefts, congenital hand anomalies such as syndactyly, polydactyly, congenital rings, genital defects such as hypospadias, epispadias, vaginal agenesis, disorders of sexual development etc. can be treated with Plastic Surgery.
Surgery for trauma: The commonest injuries a Plastic surgeon encounters are lacerations in various body areas, especially face, and fingertip/ hand injuries. In addition, Plastic Surgery plays a large part in cases such as road traffic injuries, crush injuries of limbs, amputations, facial fractures etc.
Improvement of pre-existing scars: Scars, which are present due to previous trauma or burns can be improved by various methods in Plastic Surgery armamentarium. These include scar revision, local flaps, tissue expansion, free flaps, composite tissue transfer and allotransplantation such as face transplant.
Gender Affirmative Surgeries: Physical 'sex' of a person is usually assigned at birth, based on external appearance by parents and the physician. On the other hand, the word
'Gender' refers to our innate sense of being a man/ woman/ some other or someone in between. Normally, one's physical sex and 'gender are in alignment. In a few individuals, there is a noticeable and persistent incongruence between 'sex' and 'gender identity' to an extent, that the individuals wish to get rid of their primary and/or secondary sexual characteristics and acquire the physical/ phenotypic characteristics of a gender, which is different from that of assigned (birth) sex/ gender. The inherent need by these persons to express their perceived gender, their longing for the society to accept them in this role, and their negative treatment by the society gives rise to a deep- seated distress. This phenomenon was classified as Gender Dysphoria (GD) in DSM- V and Gender Incongruence as per ICD-11. Many such individuals feel that they are trapped in the wrong sex body and wish to transition to a body congruent with their gender identity and expression. Fortis Hospital Shalimar Bagh has physicians experienced in gender affirmative care and a multispeciality gender affirmation clinic treating a large number of transitioning individuals, which has been providing gender sensitive and affirmative care to these individuals since a long time. The clinic provides mental health services, endocrine (hormone) care, and affirmative surgical care, which includes facial feminization and harmonization, affirmative voice surgery, hair transplants, rhinoplasty, body contouring, top surgery, breast augmentation, gynecological care, genital surgery including phalloplasty and vaginoplasty by various methods etc. The clinic adheres to standards of care (SOCs 7th and 8th) for transitioning individuals as published by World Professional association for Transgender health (WPATH) as well as Indian Professional Association for Transgender Health (ISOC-1) and has an excellent track record in helping thousands of gender incongruent individuals in their long journey of transition to their desired gender role.
The recovery period varies as per the type of surgery performed. There are today thousands of procedures, that are carried out in Plastic Surgery. Some procedures such as suturing of lacerations or simple scar revisions, botox, fillers have no downtime and the person can resume work/ social activities in a few days, or the same day. Procedures such as free flap surgeries, phalloplasty, vaginoplasty, facial fractures fixation require bed rest for several days, and off work for several weeks.
WHAT TECHNIQUES ARE USED FOR RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY?
Techniques in reconstructive surgery can be classified in ascending order of complexity, depending on the type of defect and desired result. This classification/ list is known as reconstructive ladder. The simplest procedures is dressing of a wound and allowing it to heal
over a period of time. This is known as healing by secondary intention, and is usually done in small wounds in non- aesthetic and non- joint areas of body.
Wound suturing, skin grafting, dermal substitutes, vacuum assisted closure of wounds, 3D printed scaffolds, use of adjacent flaps, distant flaps, prefabricated flaps, free flaps, composite tissue transfer and tissue allotransplantation are deployed in increasingly complex situations.
Yes. Plastic Surgery is still surgery, and not a magic wand. Hence there may be risks and complications associated with these procedures.
Bleeding and infection can occur with any surgical intervention, in addition depending on local area, nerve damage, vessel damage etc. can occur, though all interventions
in any surgical procedure are designed to minimize and reduce the chances of complications. An important concept in Plastic Surgery is the risk- benefit ratio.
Unless a fairly good benefit in form or function is anticipated/ visualized, the procedure is not carried out. For example, patient already has a fine scar, removing this scar tissue and closing the wound will induce the body to form a fresh scar. Scarring is the only way, that a human body knows, to heal the wound. Since the original scar was already fine, not much benefit will occur by performing the surgery, as risk- benefit ratio is not favourable. Hence the surgery is not carried out.
Yes. Once the full thickness of skin is cut through, a scar will always result. This is the only way human body knows how to heal the wound. Some animals such as salamanders have property of scarless healing. Since Plastic Surgeons know that scar will always occur, they employ often difficult and surgically complex approaches in which scar will remain well hidden. For example, rhinoplasty is carried out from within the nose, and not by external incisions, to hide the scar.
Many forehead surgeries are carried out from within the hairline, and not directly on forehead. Many procedures on upper and lower jaw are carried out from within the mouth. However, in instances, where injuries have already caused an external wound/ scar, it's position can't be changed, It can later be revised if possible or improved with scar reducing medication and fractional lasers. Reconstruction of ear is best done around age 7 years, etc.
Effects of aging on the body are relentless, and so is the effect of gravity as well as environment and oxidants. Therefore, even the greatest surgical results with begin to fade after some time. However the result is likely to be always better than if the aging were to occur from starting point. As nothing in life is permanent, there is no guarantee that results will last a lifetime. Though cosmetic (aesthetic) surgery can improve your body image, it may not change your life, career and marriage prospects. Also no person can transform into another person, a myth often propagated by films and serials, though results can often be dramatic.
Not always, but in many instances. Surgery for cleft lip and palate will improve the looks as well as competence of oral cavity and speech. Surgery for removal of neck contracture will improve the appearance as well as neck movements etc.
lip surgery is often carried out a ge 3 months, Cleft pala, rat age 9-18 months. If surgery is done earlier tha this age, there may be more growth retardation of upper jaw. Doing surgery later than this age range often results in poor speech development.
Yes, there may be some non-surgical alternatives to surgical procedures. In many cases, these alternatives are complementary to the surgical procedure. For example, in mild sagging of face, a thread lift may be carried out. The downtime is less, even though effects may be less profound than a surgical facelift.
Procedures such as botox and fillers may enhance the results of a surgical facelift and are often carried out before or after a facelift. Some fat reducing methods such as cool sculpting may be carried out for minor degrees of fat accumulation.
Deoxycholate injections may be employed to reduce submental (double chin) fat etc.
Pulmonary hypertension is a form of Hypertension (“High Blood Pressure”) in the vessels of the body carrying blood from the lungs to the heart. It is different from routine “high blood pressure” in the fact that, hypertension refers to the higher pressures in vessels delivering blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
If you suffer from pulmonary hypertension, it is vital to know that there are different therapies based on the different causes of pulmonary hypertension and you must visit a physician or centre with appropriate experience with dealing with the same. This may include medical management for the underlying diseases, medicines to reduce the pressures in the vessels themselves, blood thinning medicines, surgical techniques for improving right ventricular function or even transplanting a new heart and lungs in extreme cases. There is significant role of limited daily physical exercises. Yoga and breathing exercises also help in improving lung capacity and reduction of symptoms.
Visit a our pulmonary hypertension clinic at Fortis Hospital Mulund
Low Back Pain & Upper Back Pain is affecting 90% of the population of all age groups, including school-going small children. Mobile Phones and Laptops have created a dire need of effective Physiotherapy Treatment for all age ranges.
Physiotherapists assess, plan and implement rehabilitative programs that improve or restore human motor functions, maximise movement ability, relieve pain syndromes, and treat or prevent physical challenges associated with injuries, diseases and other impairments. They apply a broad range of physical therapies and develop and implement programmes for screening and prevention of common physical ailments and disorders, techniques such as movement, ultrasound, heating, laser and other techniques.
The Out-Patient Department of Physiotherapy at Fortis Hospital Shalimar Bagh is specialises in treating chronic long-standing pain of Lower Back, Upper Back, Neck, Shoulders, Knees, Hips and Heels. People from distant places in India are coming to resolve their long-standing Pains. If you have had a spine surgery and your back pain has surfaced up again and you have not found any solution to your back pain, then do not forget to visit the Department of Physiotherapy at the hospital. The expertised physiotherapy techniques treat some longstanding pains and increase the blocked ranges from months and years in JUST A COUPLE OF MINUTES.
The Onco-Rehabilitation Team effectively deals with the long-standing complications of patients affected by cancer or the patients undergoing cancer
treatment.
The Department is equipped with the most advanced Electrotherapeutic Modalities designed in Germany.
Fortis Team has multispeciality specialized team for every ailment. If you have been running around all over the country without effective relief, then you must make it a point to take consultation from the Experienced and thorough team of Physiotherapy Professionals at Fortis.
Restricted Range of Motion: Special Manual Therapy Techniques which increase the range by almost 50% in just 5 minutes of Treatment Time.
Pain Relief: Most Back Pain, Neck Pain, Shoulder Pain, Ankle Pain patients get phenomenal relief in just few sessions.
Post-Surgery Complications of Muscle Stiffness: The Special manual techniques and advanced Electrotherapy Modalities from Germany are very effective in treating post-operative stiffness.
Range Restrictions of Radiation Oncology Patients: Very effective treatment techniques immedlately increase the Range of Motion Restriction' which is natural outcome of radiation therapy treatments.
Physiotherapy therapy is applicable in almost all branches of Medical Science.
Continued Research and innovation have established a pivotal role of physiotherapy in all branches including Orthopaedics, Neurology, Oncology, Gastro Intestinal Surgery, Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Neuro-Paediatrics, Palliative Care, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Cardiac Rehabilitation and now in psycho somatic disorders as well.
Neck Pain, Upper Back Pain, Lower Back Pain, Frozen Shoulder, all varieties of shoulder pain, Tennis Elbow, Golfer's Elbow, Painful Heel Syndrome, knee pain and other pains due to soft tissue conditions can be effectively treated.
Also, there is pivotal role of physiotherapy in Neuro Rehabilitation of Paralysis due to stroke & Cerebral Palsy Patients.
Patients affected by Breast Cancer and other forms of cancer also experience phenomenal relief of symptoms due to Physiotherapy Intervention.
The universal cause of any kind of musculo skeletal pain is the lack of proper exercises.
In Clinical perspective, proper exercises are those exercises which involve the recruitment of the deep muscles. Most people and most Gyms (Almost 98%) do exercises in consultation with people who have no knowledge of Muscle Function and Bio Mechanics of Human Body. They engage their clients in heavy muscle loading exercises without proper assessment of muscle and joint status or the Cardio Pulmonary status. This leads to abnormal muscle activation (Compensatory Activation of Secondary Muscles) and thereby destructive, harmful and degenerative changes in muscle tissue and joints.
A common myth which prevails everywhere in the world, is that walking will take care of MUSCLE TISSUE ISSUES of the body. If I do walking, then I do not need any exercise.
But this is a WRONG CONCEPTION. Walking is just a CALORIE BURNING exercise. It does not nourish or tone or strengthen your Large Muscle or the Deep Layer muscles. It does improve your cardio pulmonary function but it does not contribute in MAINTAINING YOUR NORMAL MUSCLE. For Maintaining normal muscle health, POSTURAL EXERCISE OF ALL MUSCLE GROUPS must be incorporated into your regular Exercise Schedule. This will only take care of your muscle health.
It has been observed that since the onset of Mobile Phone and Laptop Revolution, there is drastic increase in the number of spine surgeries or DISC PROLAPSE issues in the last one and a half decade, even of youngsters. This is all due to Mobile and Laptop usage.
If we have continuous use of Mobile Phones or Laptops, then, we have to have a dedicated regular schedule of Exercises of Neck and Back, interspersed in between the continuous working hours.
Sometimes despite doing regular exercises severe pain related issues crop up.
This might be due to deficient nutritional status of a person. If the diet lacks Vitamin D, Calcium, Electrolytes and other Vital ingredients necessary for the upkeep of our muscle and soft tissue health, then we might experience regular pain despite all systematic exercises. This issue must be discussed with an Orthopaedician or a trained Clinical Physiotherapist.
According to latest research studies, Mind and Soft tissues are very closely connected to each other. Stress imposed on the body gets stored in body tissues even though it may be mental stress. This stress needs to be downloaded from the tissues and the guidance of a Physiotherapist specialised in dealing with Psychosomatic Issues must be consulted with. They are trained to help unload the stress stored in the tissues.
There is emerging research evidence that accompaniment of Pre-natal Exercise Schedule helps mothers to counter the complications of pregnancy, thereby, increasing the chances of Normal Delivery. There are great benefits is Post Delivery/Post Natal periods, for mother to return back to normal schedule after delivery either Caesarean or Normal Delivery.
Metabolic surgery, also known as bariatric surgery, refers to a group of surgical procedures that are performed to help individuals achieve significant weight loss and improve metabolic health. These procedures are typically recommended for individuals with severe obesity and related health conditions that have not responded wellito non-surgical weight loss approaches.
The main goals of metabolic surgery are to reduce the size of the stomach or alter the digestive system's anatomy to restrict food intake, promote feelings of fullness with smaller meals, and in some cases, reduce the absorption of calories and nutrients from food. By achieving weight loss and metabolic improvements, metabolic surgery can help individuals reduce obesity-related health risks and improve their overall well-being.
Metabolic surgery, also known as bariatric surgery, is typically recommended for individuals who meet certain criteria. Here are some common factors that may make someone a candidate for metabolic surgery:
Body mass index (BMI): Generally, individuals with a BMI of 40 or higher, or a BMI of 35 or higher with obesity-related health conditions such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, or severe joint problems, may be considered candidates for metabolic surgery.
Failed attempts at non-surgical weight loss: Candidates for metabolic surgery often have a history of unsuccessful attempts at losing weight through non-surgical methods, such as lifestyle modifications, dieting, and exercise programs.
Obesity-related health conditions: Individuals with obesity-related health conditions, particularly those that are difficult to manage with conventional treatments, may be considered for metabolic surgery. These conditions can include type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, sleep apnea, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Commitment to lifestyle changes: Metabolic surgery is not a standalone solution but rather a tool to aid in weight loss and metabolic improvements.
Candidates for surgery must be willing to commit to significant lifestyle changes, including adopting a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and long-term follow-up care.
Age and overall health: Age is not an absolute barrier to metabolic surgery, but eligibility may depend on an individual's overall health status and their ability to tolerate surgery and recovery. A thorough evaluation of a candidate's medical history, current health status, and any potential surgical risks will be conducted.
There are several types of metabolic surgery, including:
Gastric bypass: In this procedure, the surgeon creates a small pouch at the top of the stomach and connects it directly to the small intestine, bypassing a
Sleeve gastrectomy: This surgery involves removing a large portion of the stomach, leaving a smaller, banana-shaped sleeve. It reduces the stomach's capacity and also affects the hunger hormone ghrelin.
Adjustable gastric banding: A band is placed around the upper part of the stomach, creating a small pouch. The band can be adjusted to control the size of the opening between the pouch and the rest of the stomach.
Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch: This is a complex procedure that involves removing a portion of the stomach and rerouting the small intestine to limit the amount of food absorbed.
The choice of surgery depends on various factors, including the patient's health, goals, and surgeon's recommendation.
Metabolic surgery, also known as bariatric surgery, helps with weight loss through various mechanisms. Here are some ways in which metabolic surgery promotes weight loss:
Restriction: One common type of metabolic surgery is restrictive procedures, such as gastric sleeve surgery or adjustable gastric banding. These surgeries reduce the size of the stomach, limiting the amount of food it can hold. By decreasing the stomach's capacity, these procedures promote a feeling of fullness with smaller amounts of food, leading to reduced calorie intake.
Malabsorption: Some metabolic surgeries, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, involve both restriction and malabsorption. In addition to reducing stomach size, these surgeries reroute the digestive system, bypassing a portion of the small intestine. This limits the absorption of calories and nutrients from food, resulting in weight loss.
Hormonal changes: Metabolic surgery can have significant effects on hormones involved in appetite regulation and metabolism. For example, procedures like gastric bypass surgery alter the production and release of hormones, including ghrelin (hunger hormone), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-
1), and peptide VY (PYY), which help control appetite and satiety. These hormonal changes contribute to decreased hunger and increased feelings of fullness, making it easier to adhere to a reduced-calorie diet.
Changes in gut microbiota: Metabolic surgery has been found to influence the composition of gut microbiota, the community of microorganisms in the digestive tract. The altered gut microbiota after surgery may enhance energy expenditure and metabolism, potentially contributing to weight loss.
Metabolic improvements: Beyond weight loss, metabolic surgery can lead to significant improvements in metabolic health parameters. It often results in remission or improvement of obesity-related conditions such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and obstructive sleep apnea. These improvements are thought to be due to the combination of weight loss, hormonal changes, and other metabolic effects of the surgery.
The recovery process after metabolic surgery can vary depending on the specific type of surgery performed and individual factors. However, here are some general aspects to consider Hospital Stay: Most metabolic surgeries require a hospital stay of 1 to 3 days.
Pain and Discomfort: Pain medications are typically prescribed to help manage post-operative pain. The level of discomfort can vary, but it generally improves over time.
Dietary Progression: Start with a clear liquid diet and gradually progress to a full liquid diet, pureed foods, and then a soft diet.
Physical Activity: Initially, light walking is encouraged, and over time, you can progress to more moderate exercise. Regular physical activity helps with recovery, promotes weight loss, and improves overall fitness.
Follow-up Appointments: These appointments allow for monitoring of your progress, adjustments to medications if necessary, and evaluation of nutrient levels.
Lifestyle Changes: Regular physical activity and adherence to healthcare . team's recommendations for diet, exercise, and behavior modifications are essential for long-term success.
Emotional Support: The emotional and psychological aspects of the recovery process are also important. Support from family, friends, and support groups can be helpful during the recovery period.
Metabolic surgery, particularly procedures such as gastric bypass surgery and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch, has been shown to have a significant impact on type 2 diabetes, metabolic surgery can lead to the remission or substantial improvement of type 2 diabetes in many individuals.
The exact mechanisms by which metabolic surgery affects type 2 diabetes are not fully understood, but several factors contribute to the positive outcomes:
Weight Loss: Metabolic surgery promotes significant weight loss, which is known to improve insulin sensitivity and glycemic control. Welght loss reduces the overall fat mass and improves the body's ability to utilize insulin effectively.
Hormonal Changes: Metabolic surgery can cause hormonal changes in the gut, such as increased production of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), which are involved in appetite regulation and glucose metabolism. These hormonal changes contribute to improved insulin secretion and blood sugar control.
Gut Microbiota: Metabolic surgery can also lead to changes in the composition of gut microbiota, the community of microorganisms in the digestive tract. These changes have been associated with improved glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
Numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of metabolic surgery on type 2 diabetes. For example, the STAMPEDE trial demonstrated that gastric bypass surgery and sleeve gastrectomy led to diabetes remission or improvement in a significant percentage of participants compared to conventional medical therapy alone. Remission rates vary depending on factors such as the duration of diabetes, preoperative glycemic control, and individual characteristics.
The effects of metabolic surgery can last for many years, and in some cases, they can be lifelong. Studies have shown that metabolic surgery can lead to sustained weight loss and improvements in metabolic health markers such as blood sugar control, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. However, It's important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, to optimize the long-term outcomes of metabolic surgery. It's also important to note that individual results may vary, and some individuals may experience weight regain or a gradual return of certain metabolic health issues over time.
Yes, following a special diet after metabolic surgery is an integral part of the overall treatment plan and contributes to successful outcomes. The specific dietary guidelines may vary depending on the type of surgery performed and individual circumstances, but here are some general principles to consider:
Postoperative Stages: This typically involves starting with a clear liquid diet, then advancing to a full liquid diet, pureed foods, and finally a soft diet. The purpose of these stages is to allow your stomach to heal and adjust to its reduced size or altered anatomy gradually. Portion Control: Following metabolic surgery, the capacity of your stomach to hold food is reduced. It's important to practice portion control and eat smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day..
Balanced Nutrition: Focus on consuming lean protein sources (e.g. poultry, fish, tofu) to support healing, preserve muscle mass, and promote satiety.
Include a variety of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and healthy fats to meet your nutritional needs.
Hydration: Adequate hydration is crucial after metabolic surgery. Drink fluids between meals and aim to meet your recommended daily water intake.
Avoidance of Certain Foods: These may include foods that are high in sugar, fat, or fiber, as well s carbonated beverages and alcohol.
Supplementation: Common supplements include multivitamins, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12.
Utestyle changes after metabolic surgery can vary depending on the specific procedure and individual needs. Some common lifestyle changes after metabolic surgery may include:
Dietary modifications: Which may involve portion control, limiting certain foods, and focusing on nutrient-rich options.
Regular exercise.
Follow-up appointments
Behavioral changes: This may involve working with a therapist or counselor to develop strategies for managing emotional eating, stress, and other psychological factors.
Yes, there are alternative options to metabolic surgery for weight loss and metabolic health improvements. Here are some of the commonly recommended alternatives:
Lifestyle modifications: Focus on consuming a balanced, nutritious diet that is low in calories and high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
Regular physical activity, such as aerobic exercises and strength training, can| also aid in weight loss and improving metabolic health.
Behavioral therapy
Medications: These medications are typically used in combination with lifestyle modifications.
Bariatric endoscopy procedures: Bariatric endoscopy includes minimally Invasive procedures such as gastric balloon placement, endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty, and gastric aspiration.
Pain is one of the most common and distressing symptoms experienced by individuals living with cancer. Whether it’s caused by the disease itself or as a side effect of treatment, managing cancer-related pain is a vital part of comprehensive cancer care. At [Hospital/Clinic Name], we are committed to helping patients live more comfortably through personalized pain management plans.
Cancer pain can vary in intensity and type—it may be sharp, dull, aching, or burning. It can be constant or intermittent, and often affects different parts of the body. The source of pain might include:
We take a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to cancer pain management. Our team of specialists—including oncologists, pain management experts, palliative care providers, and mental health professionals—work together to tailor treatments to each patient’s needs.
Treatment options include:
Effective pain management doesn’t just ease physical discomfort—it restores dignity, supports emotional well-being, and improves overall quality of life. No one should suffer in silence. We encourage patients to speak openly about their pain so that it can be treated promptly and effectively.
If you or a loved one is facing cancer pain, reach out to our specialized care team. We're here to help you live each day with comfort, strength, and hope.
Nourish yourself and your baby with the the Maternity Plate specially , made to support you through every stage of your pregnancy and postpartum. Thoughtfully chosen by the nutritionists and backed by maternal health science, this plate provides the ideal mix of necessary nutrients like folate, iron, calcium, omega-3s, and fiber to help fuel your body, support fetal development, and ease common pregnancy problems
Whether you’re managing morning sickness, boosting energy in the third trimester, or recovering postpartum, the Maternity Plate makes healthy eating simple, satisfying, and safe. Crafted for busy moms-to-be, it takes the guesswork out of mealtime so you can focus on what truly matters your journey into motherhood.
Mr. Nirdosh Dhanda shares his heartfelt story about his wife battling ovarian cancer. She received exceptional care at Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon, under the expertise of Dr. Rama Joshi. Their journey is a testament to resilience and the importance of experienced medical professionals in the fight against cancer.
Uterine cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, is among the most common gynaecological cancers, yet it often goes undetected in its early stages due to limited awareness. Watch now to understand the key warning signs, discover how robotic surgery is reshaping cancer care and learn why early diagnosis truly matters.
