Malaria: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention

Causes of Malaria 

Malaria is a serious infectious disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, primarily transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. There are five species of Plasmodium that can infect humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi. Among these, P. falciparum is the most dangerous and accounts for the majority of malaria-related deaths. 

Symptoms of Malaria 

Symptoms typically develop within 10 to 15 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito and include fever, chills, vomiting, headaches, and muscle pain. In severe cases, malaria can lead to life-threatening complications such as organ failure, cerebral malaria, jaundice, and seizures. The disease progresses through three stages: the cold stage with chills and nausea, the hot stage with high fever, and the sweating stage with profuse sweating. 

Prevention of Malaria 

Prevention is crucial in controlling malaria. Key measures include: 

• Mosquito Nets and Repellents: Using mosquito nets and insect repellents can significantly reduce the risk of mosquito bites.
• Mosquito Control: Eliminating standing water and using insecticides can help control mosquito populations.
• Medications: Antimalarial medications are recommended for travellers to areas where malaria is common.
• Vaccination: The RTS, S vaccine has been endorsed by the World Health Organization for use in areas with high malaria transmission.
• Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing malaria effectively. Blood tests and antigen detection tests are used for diagnosis, and treatment typically involves antimalarial medications. Prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent severe complications and ensure effective treatment.