Parkinson’s Disease: Recognising Early Signs, Bridging Gaps in Care

Parkinson’s Disease: Recognising Early Signs, Bridging Gaps in Care 

 April is Parkinson’s Awareness Month  

Jaipur, 22nd April, 2026: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that impacts movement, independence, and quality of life. With an aging population in India, its incidence is steadily increasing. It is therefore more important than ever to raise awareness, enable early diagnosis, and ensure access to long-term care. In India, it is estimated that for every 1,000 people, around 0.8 individuals are affected by Parkinson’s disease. However, this number may be higher due to underdiagnosis. Alarmingly, India is expected to contribute significantly to the global burden of Parkinson’s disease by 2050. 

Dr Ishu Goyal, Consultant, Neurology, Fortis Escorts Hospital Jaipur, said, “Parkinson's disease occurs due to the gradual degeneration of dopamine-producing brain cells. Dopamine is essential for smooth and coordinated movements. As dopamine levels decline, symptoms begin to appear and progressively worsen over time. Lack of awareness, a scarcity of neurologists, and delays in diagnosis have widened the treatment gap for this disease.” 

Warning Signs and Symptoms: 

Motor symptoms: Tremors (especially at rest), Slowness of movement (bradykinesia), Muscle stiffness (rigidity), Balance problems and frequent falls. 

Non-motor symptoms: Sleep disturbances, Constipation, Depression or anxiety, Loss of smell, Cognitive changes 

Who is at Risk? 

• Individuals above 60 years, though younger cases are increasing 
• Those with a family history of Parkinson’s 
• Exposure to environmental toxins (e.g., pesticides) 
• Men, who have a slightly higher risk than women 
• Diagnosis: Why Early Detection Matters 

Diagnosis: 

There is no single definitive test for Parkinson’s disease. Diagnosis is primarily clinical and based on: 

• Detailed neurological examination 
• Medical history 
• Response to Parkinson’s medication 

Treatment and Management: 

While Parkinson's disease is not yet curable, it can be effectively managed through a combination of therapies: 

• Levodopa and other dopamine-enhancing drugs remain the gold standard 
• Physiotherapy for improving physical coordination 
• Speech therapy for managing voice and swallowing issues 
• Occupational therapy to support daily activities 
• Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): A Promising Advanced Treatment 

An important advancement in Parkinson’s care is Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), now available at Fortis hospitals. DBS is a specialised brain surgery typically performed while the patient remains awake, allowing surgeons to precisely monitor responses during the procedure. In this technique, two thin electrodes (leads) are implanted into specific areas of the brain. These leads are connected to a pacemaker-like device placed under the skin. When activated, the device delivers controlled electrical impulses that help regulate abnormal brain activity. This significantly improves motor symptoms and can lead to a dramatic reduction in the need for Parkinson’s medications. 

A Growing Need for Awareness and Care 

Parkinson’s disease is not just a medical condition—it is a lifelong journey affecting both patients and their families. With the rising burden in India, there is an urgent need to enhance awareness, promote early diagnosis, and expand access to advanced treatments like DBS. Timely and comprehensive care can empower individuals with Parkinson’s disease to lead more independent and fulfilling lives.