Endometriosis – Signs, Early Detection & Treatment

Endometriosis is a debilitating condition that can be silent, with symptoms masquerading as other conditions. In endometriosis, tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterine cavity and may lead to difficulty in conceiving in up to 30-40% women.

The causes of endometriosis include a combination of genetic, hormonal, and immune factors, and it affects many women worldwide. 

Women need to be vigilant and look out for the following subtle signs:

• Painful or heavy periods: Progressively worsening menstrual cramps that are not relieved by minimal antispasmodic medication.

   

• Persistent pelvic pain:  Pelvic pain similar to menstrual cramps starting before and persisting after periods, new onset pain during intercourse, or bowel movements.

• Bowel or urinary issues: Bloating, constipation, diarrhea, or painful urination during menstruation.

• Mood changes and anxiety: Mood swings, irritability, depression, or anxiety during menstruation.

• Infertility or difficulty conceiving: Unexplained difficulty getting pregnant or recurrent miscarriages.

These symptoms can be subtle, and women may attribute them to other conditions or stress. However, one is experiencing several of these symptoms, and it's essential to consult a gynecologist. A detailed evaluation is often needed with ultrasound and contrast MRI. Treatment focuses on suppressing menstruation and/ or surgically removing the abnormally placed hormone responsive endometrial tissue deposits in the body. Depending on symptoms, age, desire for future pregnancy and stage of disease, one may benefit from medical and / or surgical treatment. Minimally invasive surgeries like laparoscopic/ robotic surgery in expert hands are especially helpful in the excision of the disease, improving fertility and bringing symptom relief. 

Why early detection matters:

• Early diagnosis can improve treatment outcomes and quality of life
• Improves fertility outcomes
• Enhances quality of life through timely pain management
• Delayed diagnosis can lead to increased pain, infertility, and mental health issues.

Early Diagnosis Methods:

• Medical History & Symptom Evaluation: Discussing menstrual patterns, pain intensity, and family history
• Pelvic Examination: Identifying abnormalities such as cysts or tender areas
• Ultrasound (Transvaginal or Abdominal): Detecting ovarian cysts (endometriomas)
• MRI Scan: Providing detailed imaging of endometriotic lesions
• Laparoscopy (Definitive Diagnosis): A minimally invasive surgery where a camera is inserted to confirm and assess the extent of the disease

Take control:

• Track your symptoms and menstrual cycle.
• Discuss your concerns with your gynecologist.

Remember, endometriosis is not just about painful periods. It's a complex condition that requires attention and care. Endometriosis treatment focuses on relieving pain, managing symptoms, and improving fertility if desired. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, age, and future pregnancy plans. Early diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan can significantly improve quality of life. If you suspect endometriosis, consult a gynaecologist for a comprehensive evaluation and appropriate treatment options.