Breast augmentation; also known as augmentation mammoplasty; is a surgical procedure to increase breast size. During breast augmentation, breast implants are placed under the breast tissue or chest muscles.For some women, breast augmentation is a way to enhance self-image and self-confidence. For others, breast augmentation is part of breast reconstruction after surgery for breast cancer or other conditions affecting the breast.If you're considering breast augmentation, consult a plastic surgeon. Make sure you understand what surgery involves, including possible risks, complications and follow-up care.