Knee replacement surgery; also known as knee arthroplasty (ARTH-row-plas-tee); can help relieve pain and restore function in severely diseased knee joints. Knee replacement also called knee arthroplasty or total knee replacement is a surgical procedure to resurface a knee damaged by arthritis. Metal and plastic parts are used to cap the bones that form the knee joint, along with kneecap.The first artificial knees were little more than crude hinges. Now, you and your doctor can choose from a wide variety of designs that take into account your age, weight, activity level and overall health. Most knee replacement joints attempt to replicate your knee's natural ability to roll and glide as it bends.