Cardiac Sciences

Understanding Heart Blockage: Types, Diagnosis, and Treatment

admin Apr 10, 2024

About Heart Blockages

Heart blockage happens when the electrical signals from the heart’s top chambers don‘t travel properly to the lower chambers. Read on to learn more about heart blockage types, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Types of Heart Blockages

In the majority of cases of heart blocks, the signals slow down but do not entirely stop. Heart blocks are generally classified as first-, second-, or third-degree.

First-Degree Heart Block: It is the least critical. The speed of electrical signals slowly reduces as they travel from the atria to the ventricles.
Second-Degree Heart Block: It denotes that the electrical signals are intermittently failing to conduct between the atria and ventricles. There are two subclasses of second-degree heart block:
Mobitz Type I: The electrical signals become slower and slower between beats. Eventually, the heart skips a beat.
Mobitz Type II: The electrical signals, at certain times, reach the ventricles, and at certain times, they do not.
Third-Degree Heart Block: It is the most serious. Here, electrical signals do not travel from the atria to the ventricles at all. There is a total failure of electrical conduction.

Recognizing Heart Blockage Symptoms

Symptoms rely on how critical heart blockage is.

First-Degree Heart Block

It is the least severe type and does not generally cause any manifestations. Most individuals only know they have it when tested for unassociated medical conditions.

Second-Degree Heart Block

Most individuals with the less serious type of second-degree heart block, referred to as Mobitz type 1, do not show any symptoms. But some individuals may feel:

Dizzy or lightheaded
Fainting

Individuals with a more serious form of second-degree heart block, referred to as Mobitz type 2 heart block, are at a high risk of having Mobitz type 1-like manifestations, along with:

Pain in the chest
Shortness of breath
Sudden dizziness when standing up from a resting or sitting position. This is caused by hypotension/low blood pressure.
Third-Degree Heart Block

Symptoms of third-degree or complete heart blockage comprise:

Feeling faint
Being short of breath
Extreme fatigue, sometimes with confusion
Pain in the chest

Third-degree heart block is the most severe and, at certain times, can be a medical emergency.

Possible Complications

Heart block may increase the chances of:

Other forms of cardiac rhythm problems (arrhythmias), including atrial fibrillation
Heart attack

How is Heart Blockage Diagnosed?

To diagnose the condition of heart blockage, healthcare professionals will consider:

Individual‘s overall health and medical history
Any family history of heart blockage or cardiac disease
Medications an individual is taking
Lifestyle choices, such as smoking or taking illicit drugs
Description of manifestations
A physical examination
An electrocardiogram (ECG) that records the heart‘s electrical impulses.
Testing with a Holter to track the heart‘s rhythm for a period. An individual might wear a Holter monitor for 1 or 2 days or an event monitor for 30 days or more. It helps capture heart rhythm modifications, even if they do not happen often or predictably
Using an implantable loop recorder, which is a miniature heart recorder placed below the skin overlying the heart that can record for up to 24 months
An electrophysiology study, which is an outpatient technique in which a fine, flexible wire is tied from the groin or arm to the heart to test the heart‘s wiring system

If an individual is experiencing the symptoms of heart blockage, they should immediately consult a cardiologist to avoid further complications.

Treatment of Heart Blockage

Removal of Heart Blockage Without Surgery

Food Choices

Citrus fruits: Citrus flavonoids, vitamin C, and fiber have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, protecting the heart and arteries from damage.

Green Tea: Potent antioxidants in green tea, especially epigallocatechin gallate, could protect the heart from damage.

Lifestyle Modifications

Smoking cessation
Regular physical exercise
Consuming a heart-friendly diet low in saturated and trans lipids, cholesterol, and sodium
Maintaining healthy weight
Regular exercise
Stress management

Medications

In some instances, medications may knock out heart blockages or prevent them from worsening. These may comprise:

Statins to reduce cholesterol levels
Anti-platelet medicines to prevent blood clots
ACE inhibitors to decrease blood pressure
Nitrates to improve the flow of blood to the heart
Beta-blockers to slow down the heart rate

Diving Deep: Surgical Methods to Remove Heart Blockages

These methods are employed to remove heart blockages and aim to eliminate plaque buildup by utilizing various medical instruments for long-term health perks. Some of the surgical techniques to remove heart blockages include:

Angioplasty and Stenting

Minimally invasive procedures are utilized to remove heart blockages. During an angioplasty, the catheter is put into a blood vessel in an arm or groin and taken to the blocked artery in the heart. An extremely small balloon at the catheter’s end is inflated to open the artery and improve the blood flow. In certain cases, a small mesh tube known as a stent may be inserted to keep the artery open.

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG)

This is a more invasive procedure utilized to remove heart blockages. During this procedure, a healthcare professional will take a healthy blood vessel from another body part and use it to bypass the blocked artery, permitting blood to flow more freely to the heart.

Heart blockages can be a severe condition that needs treatment to prevent further cardiac damage. One can remove heart blockages and enhance heart health by making lifestyle modifications, taking medicines, and undergoing minimally invasive or surgical procedures. It is important to discuss treatment choices with healthcare professionals and follow their suggestions to ensure the best possible outcome.